Choosing optimal rapid manufacturing process for thin-walled products using expert algorithm

Choosing right Rapid Prototyping technology is not easy, especially for companies inexperienced with that group of manufacturing techniques. Paper summarizes research focused on creating an algorithm for expert system, helping to choose optimal process and determine its parameters for thin-walled products rapid manufacturing. Research was based upon trial manufacturing of different thin-walled items using various RP technologies. Products were categorized, each category was defined by a set of requirements. Basing on research outcome, main algorithm has been created. Next step was developing detailed algorithms for optimizing particular methods. Implementation of these algorithms brings huge benefit for recipients, including cost reduction, supply time decrease and improvements in information flow.Peer Reviewe

‘Foreshadows and repercussions’: histories of air war and the recasting of cities and citizens

In the preface to the 1941 edition to his 1908 novel, The War in the Air, H. G. Wells wrote: ‘I told you so. You damned fools’. The books discussed here illustrate how, in the few intervening decades, air war moved from a fearful vision into reality, and detail the varied experiences and consequences of the aerial bombardment of cities and civilians. The histories of air power and the aerial bombardment of cities have centred on the Second World War, moving from the humanising endurance of Londoners during the Blitz to the entirely dehumanised horror of the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The texts reviewed here extend the histories of air war and highlight the city and the home as a target for bombing while remaining the place where people carried on their daily lives

Planning permanent air raid precautions: architecture, air war and the changing perceptions of British cities in the late 1930s

This article considers how the imagination and expectation of future air raids impacted upon the perception of the built environment, and asks how the boundaries between peace and war, and thus military and civilian, began to be dissolved in this context. It examines the interactions between architects, planners and government officials about how the design of cities and buildings might change in an age of air power. By looking at changes and continuities either side of the 1938 Munich crisis, it examines how the civilian space of cities was recast in anticipation of war

Ekstrasystolia z drogi odpływu prawej komory w standardowym elektrokardiogramie oraz w elektrokardiografii wysokiej rozdzielczości sygnałowej

Wstęp: Elektrokardiografia wysokiej rozdzielczości sygnałowej (EKG-CREM) jest nową, obiecującą metodą badań w diagnostyce kardiologicznej. Procedura ta powstała na bazie cyfrowej elektrokardiografii. Jej istotą jest zwiększenie rozdzielczości, udoskonalenie, a w konsekwencji znaczne rozszerzenie możliwości diagnostycznych standardowego EKG. Dzięki temu stało się możliwe wykrywanie niewidocznych w standardowym EKG stosunkowo niewielkich zmian w aktywności elektrycznej poszczególnych fragmentów mięśnia sercowego. Dla ułatwienia interpretacji zapisów EKG-CREM wykorzystano technikę wektokardiografii. W badaniu są oceniane takie fragmenty serca, jak: ściana przednia (SP), ściana tylna (ST), ściana boczna (SB) oraz ściana dolna (SD), Ponadto w EKG-CREM są opisywane przyprzegrodowe fragmenty mięśnia sercowego: fragment pośrednio-przedni (FPA), fragment pośrednio-tylny (FPB) i fragment tylno-dolny (LOT). Dzięki temu można dokładniej ocenić aktywności elektryczne w porównaniu z EKG. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena punktu wyjścia arytmii komorowej w postaci dodatkowych skurczów komorowych w badaniu EKG-CREM. Metody: Badania przeprowadzono u 26 pacjentów (16 kobiet, 10 mężczyzn), u których w przynajmniej 6-miesięcznej obserwacji stwierdzano permanentne występowanie przedwczesnych pobudzeń komorowych (VPCs). U chorych wykonano standardowe badanie elektrokardiograficzne (EKG-STAND) i wysokiej rozdzielczości (EKG-CREM). Porównywano punkt wyjścia arytmii w obu metodach. Wyniki: U wszystkich pacjentów w badaniu holterowskim stwierdzono monomorficzne dodatkowe skurcze pochodzenia komorowego w liczbie 12 430-39 860 na dobę (średnio 22834 ± 926). Nie wykazywały one cech parasystolii i były pochodzenia ekstrasystolicznego, bowiem występowały z tym samym czasem sprzężenia wynoszącym średnio 420 ± 34 ms. W całej grupie badanej nie udało się określić istnienia tak zwanej strefy wyzwalania. Podczas zapisu EKG-STAND stwierdzono, że ognisko arytmogenne było położone w 6 różnych punktach (1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9), natomiast nie stwierdzono jego lokalizacji w punktach 2, 4 i 6. Najczęściej występowało w strefie drogi odpływu prawej komory: pośrednio-dolnej (nr 8: 30,7%), przednio-dolnej (nr 9: 23,0%), pośrednio-pośredniej (nr 5: 23,0%), najrzadziej zaś w punktach: 1 - strefa tylnogórna, 3 - strefa przednio-górna, 7 - strefa tylno-dolna (po 7,6%). W EKG-CREM z równoczesnym zapisem pojedynczych VPCs stwierdzono, że najczęściej była pobudzana strefa pośrednio-tylna (FPB), bowiem występowała u 5 chorych (33,3%). Kolejna pod względem częstości była strefa dolna (SD) (4 chorych; 26,6%). Następne 2 były tak samo pobudzane - pośrednio-przednia (FPA) i strefa tylna (ST); wystąpiły one u 2 pacjentów (13,3% badanych). Ostatnimi pobudzanymi strefami były: przednia (SP) i dolno-tylna (LOT); występowały one u pojedynczych pacjentów, stanowiąc 6,6% całej badanej grupy. Wnioski: Całość analizy pozwala stwierdzić, że istnieje pewna korelacja lokalizacji ogniska arytmogennego w badaniach EKG-STAND i EKG-CREM, ale wymaga to przeprowadzenia dalszych badań obejmujących większą grupę pacjentów

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for H → τ τ decays are presented, based on the full set of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2011 and 2012. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb−1 and 20.3 fb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV respectively. All combinations of leptonic (τ → `νν¯ with ` = e, µ) and hadronic (τ → hadrons ν) tau decays are considered. An excess of events over the expected background from other Standard Model processes is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.5 (3.4) standard deviations. This excess provides evidence for the direct coupling of the recently discovered Higgs boson to fermions. The measured signal strength, normalised to the Standard Model expectation, of µ = 1.43 +0.43 −0.37 is consistent with the predicted Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model

Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in √sNN=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in √sNN=5.02  TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1  μb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ΣETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Δη|<5) “near-side” (Δϕ∼0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣETPb. A long-range “away-side” (Δϕ∼π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δϕ) and ΣETPb dependence. The resultant Δϕ correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos⁡2Δϕ modulation for all ΣETPb ranges and particle pT

Measurement of the production of a W boson in association with a charm quark in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of a W boson in association with a single charm quark is studied using 4.6 fb−1 of pp collision data at s√ = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. In events in which a W boson decays to an electron or muon, the charm quark is tagged either by its semileptonic decay to a muon or by the presence of a charmed meson. The integrated and differential cross sections as a function of the pseudorapidity of the lepton from the W-boson decay are measured. Results are compared to the predictions of next-to-leading-order QCD calculations obtained from various parton distribution function parameterisations. The ratio of the strange-to-down sea-quark distributions is determined to be 0.96+0.26−0.30 at Q 2 = 1.9 GeV2, which supports the hypothesis of an SU(3)-symmetric composition of the light-quark sea. Additionally, the cross-section ratio σ(W + +c¯¯)/σ(W − + c) is compared to the predictions obtained using parton distribution function parameterisations with different assumptions about the s−s¯¯¯ quark asymmetry

Measurement of the cross-section of high transverse momentum vector bosons reconstructed as single jets and studies of jet substructure in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the cross-section for high transverse momentum W and Z bosons produced in pp collisions and decaying to all-hadronic final states. The data used in the analysis were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV;{\rm Te}{\rm V}$and correspond to an integrated luminosity of$4.6\;{\rm f}{{{\rm b}}^{-1}}$. The measurement is performed by reconstructing the boosted W or Z bosons in single jets. The reconstructed jet mass is used to identify the W and Z bosons, and a jet substructure method based on energy cluster information in the jet centre-of-mass frame is used to suppress the large multi-jet background. The cross-section for events with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson, with transverse momentum${{p}_{{\rm T}}}\gt 320\;{\rm Ge}{\rm V}$and pseudorapidity$|\eta |\lt 1.9$, is measured to be${{\sigma }_{W+Z}}=8.5\pm 1.7$ pb and is compared to next-to-leading-order calculations. The selected events are further used to study jet grooming techniques